Tol
Tol is one of the languages belonging to the language family referred to as Jicaquean in the linguistic literature. Tol is also referred to as Tolupan, To(r)rupan, Jicaque (and earlier Xicaque) and has roughly 200 speakers remaining in a single community in northern Honduras, called Montaña de la Flor (Campbell 1997: 160). When the Spanish first colonized what is present-day Honduras, Tol was also spoken along the northeastern coast of Honduras (Holt 1999); it is likely that languages of this language family previously had a wider geographical distribution. The first information on Jicaquean languages was gathered in 1788 by Christian missionaries and published in Fernández (1892). Five years later, Membreño (1897) published a description of two distinct Jicaquean languages. Lehmann (1920) re-published all of the then-known information on the Jicaquean languages. Some relatively recent grammatical descriptions of the language provide good but incomplete information on the grammatical principles of the still-spoken Jicaquean language (see Holt 1999, Dennis 1990, Dennis and Dennis 1983, and Morazan Mejía and Hernández Torres 2015), though a number of resources talk about the cultural context of the speakers of Jicaquean (Oltrogge 1976, Shaw 1972, Chapman 1978, and the references cited in each). As far as we are aware Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) is the only published work on the comparison and reconstruction of the Jicaquean family. A connection between the Jicaquean languages and Subtiaba-Tequistlatecan has been suggested (Oltrogge 1977), though is unlikely (Campbell 1997: 160; Campbell 1979 and Campbell and Oltrogge 1980). No connection with either Lencan or Xinkan languages has been suggested.
The materials here represent an ongoing project to document, describe and support the Tol community to revitalize the language. Currently, an online corpus of audio materials is being developed alongside a number of scholarly investigations into the language. The following information was organized and created by Rachel Hogan, Micah Wood, and Kellie Busath from resources collected by Chris Rogers and Steffen Haurholm-Larsen.
Un diccionario Tolupán que usa información de varios fuentes creadas por y a favor de la comunidad Tolupán.
Clave: símbolos que están usando en el Diccionario de Hablar
s. Representa “sustantivo” .
Definición: un clase de palabra que designa cosas, lugares, o personas que son vivos o muertos, real o abstracto, y materiales o inmateriales.
Ejemplo: El árbol está en el bosque.
‘Árbol’ es un sustantivo en la frase porque es una cosa viva, real, y material.
v. Representa “verbo”.
Definición: un clase de palabra que designa estados y acciones de los sustantivos
Ejemplo: El hombre ve la montaña.
‘Ve’ es el verbo en la frase porque es un acción que el hombre hace.
Elicited grammatical information